Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality

Biological and humanitarian Approaches to Personality PSY250 As research into record progressed, scientists began to smell beyond psychoanalysis and trait theories for other explanations into how temperament develops. They started to interpret at the biologic factors that influence somebodyality formation (Hans Eysenck, Jeffrey Gray, Sir Francis Galton (genetic study of twins)), the arrange of growth of necessity on temperament formation (Abraham Maslow), and the prefatory aspects of the kind-hearted-centered genius scheme and how it comp ars to the biologic explanation of reputation formation (Eric Fromm, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow).These topics willinging be considered in more detail in the following discussion. Although purlieu lams a neighborhood in genius, genes high-spiritedly make signifi nookiet contributions. virtually genetic disorders, such as Angelman or Williams syndrome are characterized by extravagant happiness and friendliness. Biological as pects of a somebodys temperament, such as introversion/extroversion, actively, and impulsively, in like manner help shape the personality. Studies of identical twins induce shown that twins separated at birth and raised in unlike surroundingss still share umteen personality traits.Therefore, we are not al one blank slates totally influenced by what our environment writes on us. Responses to certain environmental stimuli seem to be hard-wired into our nervous system and endocrine systems. Electroencephalograms (EEG) eat up shown that, at a very basic level, extroverts show less arousal to input signal then introverts do. Hans Eysenck theorized that be create of this low level of arousal, extroverts seek out stimulating draw while introverts, who may be receiving too much stimulation from the environment, discover to get away from it all by shying away from stimulating environments.Differences in activation of the brains hemispheres may also load personality formation. Gr eater activation of the right hemisphere, which is believed to put on a economic consumption in negative emotions, may progress to over reaction to negative stimuli. On the other hand, higher activation of the left hemisphere, ideal to undertake a role in positive emotions, could result in more right reactions to positive stimuli. Jeffrey Gray proposed the idea that our nervous systems may be prudent for influencing whether we are more motivated by punishment or reward. col in the power of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin put up also effect personality. Will Sheldon expanded on Ernest Kretschmers ideas that body shell might be connected to certain mental disorders and applied them to the usual population. Sheldon developed three body geeks and associated personality characteristics mesomorphs muscular, large-boned athletic, ectomorphs slender studious, and endomorphs roly-poly good-natured. Sheldons ideas were too simplistic, but it might be possible th at certain biologic factors could accept both personality and body type.Social influences may tinge body type, which may in turn affect how others react. Both aspects sack up influence personality development. A stable personality depends on a healthy, well-functional brain ( was this supposed to be cited) Certain diseases and disorders discount change butt joint change or destroy ones personality. Strokes damage share of the brain and keep cause a dramatic change in personality. Picks disease also causes deterioration of the brain. It may cause a marked change in in a persons beliefs or preferences.Alzheimers disease, as the disease sires advanced, seems to result in total loss of personality. Postpartum depression is triggered by a biological process. Severe, untreated symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, and persistent disturbing thoughts of suicide, being possessed, or harming the infant. Environmental toxins, such as mercury, and both legal and illegal drugs , including Valium, Prozac, cocaine, and herion, quarter result in biological changes to the body that may temporarily or permanently alter personality.Biological and human-centred Approaches to PersonalityTheories of personalities have been analyse for many decades. The biological and humanitarian approaches to personality have both become infamous in studying the science behind personality. Abraham Maslow developed the power structure of call for because he did not believe that the conditioning theories adequately envisioned the complexity of human behavior. In analyzing both the biological and humanistic theories, one can see where Maslow may have been right in that assumption. The basic perceptions of humanistic and biological theories vary significantly.There are some basic ideas behind humanistic psychology. Humanists focus on the present rather than face at the past or toward the future. Well individuals should take responsibility for themself ir respective of the act ions and every individual possess inherent worth. Even negative actions do not negate the value of the person. The achievement of personal growth and discretion is the goal of life (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). On the other hand biological theorists believe that genetics can determine a persons personality. somewhat concepts state that even if biology plays no direct role in personality, the way a person looks affects how one sees himself/herself and how others interrelate with him/her. This unplanned affect controls how a person develops into adulthood. Biological viewpoints teach that intelligence and genes could gear up a persons personality. Temperament and mental disorders are thought to be determined by biology. Humanistic theories seem to be superior generalized, though biological theories are overcomplicated. Although they are wide-ranging opposites in their concepts, together they block up the essence of personality.Abraham Maslow, a humanistic psychologist believed that the hatful are not controlled by the mechanical forces which include the reinforcement and stimuli forces of behaviorism or some unconscious instinctual impulse of the psychoanalysis. He placed his main focus on what nation can really do as conflicting to their limitations. His hierarchy of ask has established a major precedence on which human interactions can follow so as to make sure that they achieve generative as well as agreeable outcome. The main essence is to rattling prepare people for common existence with themselves and those who are around.The essence of humanistic psychology is usually similar to cognitive psychology as it does discover behavior more than just a stimulus that is determined and then recognizes perception as the actual essence of actions and behavior (Valiunas, 2012). His hierarchy of needs does represent how exactly growth ought to influence formation of personality. He developed his personality theory in relation to the needs of people. It sh ows the main influences of human needs to formation of their unique personalities. Maslow contemplates that each trait of human surgical procedure conveys to a complete individual.Maslow consequently referred to these functions as the hierarchy of needs. In his theory Maslow states that there are five key categories of an individual needs. The initial kinsperson is physiological needs such as food, water, air, clothing, shelter, and sleep. Previous to realizing or achieving the needs on this level it becomes unfeasible to even consider the next home (Valiunas, 2012). The following category is associate to inviolablety, which basically assimilates the need for feeling safe and secured. The third of category in Maslow hierarchy of needs comprises the adept of belonging, needs, and extol.It is lucid because once an individual is secured then he/she can demand for sense of belonging and love. The next category has to do with self-esteem it encompasses the need for education, resp ect, self-competence, and achievement. This is a very important level of needs to an individuals personality this level is where an individual focuses his/her energy to feeling proficient, they learn to respect him/her, and to respect others. According to Maslows theory, needs impact individual personality in a way that before they hit the highest point of need in the hierarchy one feels discouraged consequently affecting his/her personality.Individuals in the scratch category do not believe in themselves and be wanting(p) in motivation in life, and tend to implicate diametrical personality compared to those on the highest category of needs. Those on first category of needs will tend to also lack confidence in whatever they do as opposed to those who have achieved self- actualization (Valiunas, 2012). Biological factors are related to some extent with the Maslows hierarchy of personality because biological factors for modeling brains, heredity and physical characteristics are ne eded during the growth level.There are two biological factors that influence the formation of personality of an individual, heredity and environment factor. Inheritance of a trait is pertinent to individuals personality (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). Basically, individuals inherit a propensity towards a definite structure and propensity to function in definite ways, thus influencing the individual personality development. On the environmental factor, the contact between the mother and a child for biological fulfilment play an important function in personality growth.Care and love enhance a sense of protection and security. Humanistic theories of personality do represent an affirmative view of human behavior. Personality is usually outlined as the organized as well as the dynamic stipulate of various characteristics which are possessed by people and which influences their cognitions, behavior as well as their motivations (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). Humanistic psychology does emphasize that people do have a free will and do play active role in the determining of how exactly they tend to behave.Humanistic psychology usually focuses on the subjective experience of individuals as opposed to definitive and forced factors which determine behavior. Maslow does believe that all people who are interested in growing ought to move towards the self-actualization level of happiness and satisfaction. The mental perspectives on expansion of personality do remain influential which comprises of humanistic perspective, isodynamic and existential perspectives, and cognitive, sociocultural and behavioral perspective (Valiunas, 2012). There are many factors that determine our personality.Some of these factors are either humanistic or biological. Maslows hierarchy of needs and humanistic personalitys theory play a major role in the formation of ones personality and so are the biological factors. Though humanistic and biological theories are opposites, they do comprise of th e main essence of personality and the liquify between these two theories creates effective results. While humanistic and biological theories have many differences and fewer similarities, both theories interpret to address the issues of personality and accent to give a better understanding of personality traits.Biological and Humanistic Approaches to PersonalityBiological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality PSY250 As research into personality progressed, scientists began to look beyond psychoanalysis and trait theories for other explanations into how personality develops. They started to look at the biological factors that influence personality formation (Hans Eysenck, Jeffrey Gray, Sir Francis Galton (genetic study of twins)), the effect of growth needs on personality formation (Abraham Maslow), and the basic aspects of the humanistic personality theory and how it compares to the biological explanation of personality formation (Eric Fromm, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow).These topics will be considered in more detail in the following discussion. Although environment plays a part in personality, genes also make significant contributions. Some genetic disorders, such as Angelman or Williams syndrome are characterized by excessive happiness and friendliness. Biological aspects of a persons temperament, such as introversion/extroversion, actively, and impulsively, also help shape the personality. Studies of identical twins have shown that twins separated at birth and raised in different environments still share many personality traits.Therefore, we are not patently blank slates totally influenced by what our environment writes on us. Responses to certain environmental stimuli seem to be hard-wired into our nervous system and endocrine systems. Electroencephalograms (EEG) have shown that, at a very basic level, extroverts show less arousal to stimulation then introverts do. Hans Eysenck theorized that because of this low level of arousal, extroverts seek out stimulating draw while introverts, who may be receiving too much stimulation from the environment, try to get away from it all by shying away from stimulating environments.Differences in activation of the brains hemispheres may also effect personality formation. Greater activation of the right hemisphere, which is believed to have a role in negative emotions, may cause over reaction to negative stimuli. On the other hand, higher activation of the left hemisphere, thought to play a role in positive emotions, could result in more sizeable reactions to positive stimuli. Jeffrey Gray proposed the idea that our nervous systems may be responsible for influencing whether we are more motivated by punishment or reward. noise in the function of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin can also effect personality. Will Sheldon expanded on Ernest Kretschmers ideas that body type might be connected to certain mental disorders and applied them to the general population. Sheldon developed t hree body types and associated personality characteristics mesomorphs muscular, large-boned athletic, ectomorphs slender studious, and endomorphs roly-poly good-natured. Sheldons ideas were too simplistic, but it might be possible that certain biological factors could affect both personality and body type.Social influences may affect body type, which may in turn affect how others react. Both aspects can influence personality development. A stable personality depends on a healthy, well-functional brain ( was this supposed to be cited) Certain diseases and disorders can change can change or destroy ones personality. Strokes damage part of the brain and can cause a dramatic change in personality. Picks disease also causes deterioration of the brain. It may cause a marked change in in a persons beliefs or preferences.Alzheimers disease, as the disease becomes advanced, seems to result in total loss of personality. Postpartum depression is triggered by a biological process. Severe, un treated symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, and persistent disturbing thoughts of suicide, being possessed, or harming the infant. Environmental toxins, such as mercury, and both legal and illegal drugs, including Valium, Prozac, cocaine, and herion, can result in biological changes to the body that may temporarily or permanently alter personality.