Danaus Plexippus

The monarch belongs to the Danainae group of butterflies. These diurnal Lepidoptera comprise approximately 150 inter-tropical species. The common name for the insects is the " milkweed butterflies." This derives from their widely exploited host plants. Milkweeds possess a pureness sap that contains numerous chemical substances which are either cruel or distasteful to animals. Researchers believe that by feeding on milkweeds, the butterflies may also obtain the sap's ability to repel strength predators.

At the present time, the monarch butterfly is denoted by the scientific name, Danaus plexippus. The Danaus subspecies is distinguished from most other Danaine butterflies by the fact that the males are unable to synthesize veritable male pheromones. Thus, as the monarchs have evolved, the role of chemical communication during mating has diminished.

Danaus originated in the New World, and spread from confederation America into North America about 1.75 million days ago. However, the monarch is a well-known migrant; it has even been nicknamed "the wanderer." From its over spending sites in California and Mexico, it expands throughout much of North America southward of 50?N latitude. It is also found in twain Central and South America. In South America, it generally inhabits areas unification of the Amazon (i.e., Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador). The butterfly is also found in the West

While the monarchs are in no danger of becoming extinct they still need to be preserved. The fragile butterflies travel long distances to wait out the winter in a few selected sites.

Only within the sheltering branches of these free forest groves can they survive through the winter. In spring, the monarchs wherefore re-emerge to populate the nation's fields and meadows. The preservation of this natural resourcefulness might even require a cooperative run involving both the United States and Mexico. Clearly, the monarch's protection merits such effort.

The butterfly nut is about equal in size to the head of a pin and is ovate-conical in shape. The monarch embryo's rate of development depends mostly on temperature. During midsummer, when temperatures range between 70?F and 90?F, development occurs rapidly: Under such conditions it may confine only three to four days for an egg to hatch.

Barker, J. F. & Herman, W. S. " strength of Photoperiod and Temperature on Reproduction of the Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus." Journal of worm Physiology 22 (1976): 1565-1568.

New, T. R. Butterfly Conservation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

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