Jousting : "Hastiludia or spear play"

When used in combat, leaning lots involved tilting with a variety of weapons, including propels, battle axes, daggers, or swords.

During the chivalric period, jousting in combat became highly controversial politically because of its unhealthful and uncivilized nature. The Catholic Church also found the practice repugnant and excommunicated jousting, including tournaments. As Gravett (7) writes, "The Church had consistently opposed tournaments, issue prohibitions in 1131, 1139, 1179, 1193, and 1228." However, Richard I granted licenses for jousting tournaments after the 1193 ban and the unrivalled in 1228 had little success. The "papacy disliked the way the tournament promoted activity in a turbulent baronage" (Gravett 7).

In the 1300s, one document known as "The Chronicles of Froissart" contends that a struggle was put on hold so a joust could be held, and that there was a strong connection " betwixt romance and jousting" ("Jousting" 2). Joust

Horses used in jousting tournaments included two kinds, warmblood "chargers" and coldblood "destriers" ("Jousting" 3).

The former were used for their agility and temper but were much lighter in weight than the destriers who were pokey but whose weight helped deliver the "devastating force" of the rider's lance ("Jousting" 3). Armor also evolved between the gothic and Renaissance periods. Medieval armor was primarily chain mail and included a solid, heavy helmet known as the "great helm" ("Jousting" 4). A shield completed the suit of armor. By the Renaissance, knights who engaged in tournaments wore "full suits of plate armor, called a harness" ("Jousting" 4). Reinforced with bolted on protective plates of heavy metal breastplates and arm and should pieces, these offered greater auspices to combatants but at the price of the mobility offered by chain mail. Lances were close to often made of solid oak in this period, requiring pregnant force to break them.

"Jousting." Wikipedia, 2008. 15 March 2008. http://en
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