Bayezid I

Bayezid I- (r.1389-1402) Ottoman ruler who started to besiege Constantinople in 1395. The Europeans saw him as a new threat to Christendom, and Hungarys king led English, French, German, and Balkan knights in a crusade against the Turks. He defeated them at Nicopolis, and travel their swell from Bursa to France. If Bayezid had not defeated the Christians, the Ottoman Empire big businessman not have taken Constantinople. The armies of Timur defeated him near big(p) of Turkey in 1402 where he was taken prisoner and died in captivity. Captiulations- gave self-direction to foreigners living in a Muslim territory (a drill adopted by the Ottomans). European nationals were freed from having to bey Ottoman laws or wear taxes. This attracted European traders, and spared the ottomans from having to settle their disputes. System adopted from the Mamluks. Constantinople former capital of the Byzantine Empire and of the Ottoman Empire , since 1930 officially called Istanbul (for posture and description, see Istanbul ). It was founded (AD 330) at ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine I, after whom it was named.

The largest and most slight European city of the Middle Ages, Constantinople shared the glories and vicissitudes of the Byzantine Empire, which in the end was reduced to the city and its environs. Although besieged innumerable generation by various peoples, it was taken only three time?in 1204 by the army of the Fourth Crusade (see Crusades ), in 1261 by Michael VIII, and in 1453 by the Ottoman Sultan Muhammad II. Defended by Greek fire , it was also well fortified. An early internal wall was erected by Constantine I, and the enlarged Constantinople was surrounded by a triple wall of fortifications, begun (5th cent.) by Theodosius II. Built on heptad hills, the city on the Bosporus presented the appearance of an impregnable fortress wrap a sea of magnificent palaces and gilded domes and towers. In the tenth cent., it had a cosmopolitan population... If you want to get a complete essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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